Arti Budaya Mermbungkuk di Masyarakat Jepang

Cara membungkukkan badan yang tepat merupakan bagian dari etika pergaulan yang penting di Jepang. Presiden Barack Obama terlihat kikuk ketika dia berusaha menjabat tangan Kaisar Akihito sekaligus membungkukkan badan.


Sebagian media Amerika Serikat yang anti-Obama dengan gencar mengkritik dengan mengatakan sang presiden melanggar protokol atau malah terlalu menyembah.
Menurut guru besar Studi Asia di Universitas Temple di Tokyo, Jeff Kingston, di Jepang sendiri tidak ada yang tersinggung dengan tindakan Obama. Media Jepang malah memberitakan kasus ini sebagai aspek kehidupan Amerika yang sulit dipahami.

Cara membungkukkan badan kembali menjadi berita ketika perusahan otomotif Toyota meminta maaf atas penarikan mobil-mobilnya.Dalam keterangan kepada media 5 Februari lalu, presiden Toyota Akio Toyoda meminta maaf dengan membungkuk sedikit seperti halnya kalau orang Jepang bertemu tetangga secara tidak sengaja di depan rumah.

Padahal dalam dua minggu sebelumnya dia tidak tampil sama sekali pada saat perusahaannya menghadapi banyak keluhan soal rem dan pedal gas sehingga membuat saham perusahaan jatuh 20%. Jelas bahwa cara Toyoda membungkukkan badan tidak memenuhi harapan masyarakat.

Media Jepang
Media Jepang yang biasanya sopan, secara blak-blakan mengatakan sikap Toyoda itu terlambat dan tidak memadai. Di Jepang, semakin dalam orang membungkuk dan semakin lama dia membungkuk berarti seakan dia menunjukkan penghormatan atau penyesalan.

Dengan hanya membungkuk sedikit dan sesaat, sikap yang ditunjukkan adalah seperti seseorang yang menjadi sasaran kemarahan atasan. Sedangkan membungkukkan bahu dan langsung pergi menunjukkan isyarat seperti anak kecil yang baru dimarahi.

Sementara sikap membungkuk berkali-kali sampai ke pinggang disertai permohonan maaf terjadi dalam keadaan ekstrim seperti montir yang merusak mobil konsumen tetapi masih meminta bayaran besar.Tetapi secara umum membungkukkan badan di Jepang merupakan isyarat tubuh yang berulang kali dilakukan bahkan tanpa sadar dalam interaksi dengan semua orang.

Budaya Zen
Ketika tampil untuk kedua kalinya di depan media tanggal 9 Februari, Akio Toyoda membungkukkan badan lebih dalam dan lebih khidmat. Tetapi dalam konferensi pers, raut muka Toyoda kelihatan sangat suram, padahal pertemuan itu dimaksudkan untuk meredam kritik terhadap perusahaannya. Dia tampak tidak nyaman menghadapi berbagai pertanyaan kritis terhadap kinerja mobilnya.

Toyoda menjadi pemimpin tertinggi Toyota karena kakeknya adalah pendiri perusahaan itu. Dia seorang pemalu dan tidak suka tampil di depan umum seperti misalnya CEO Apple, Steve Jobs.

Di samping itu, dia berasal dari kebudayaan Zen yang mengedepankan sikap diam dan tabah, yang lebih mementingkan tindakan daripada ucapan. Dengan sikap tenang dan serius dia ingin menunjukkan tekad untuk memulihkan kehormatan keluarganya dan mengembalikan kepercayaan konsumen. Kemudian di akhir konferensi pers, dia membungkukkan badan dengan cara yang menunjukkan penyesalan dan ketulusan.

Sumber : http://www.rileks.com/lifestyle/technoz/sains-teknologi/31903-arti-budaya-membungkuk-di-jepang.html

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